【英文标准名称】:Railwayapplications-Track-Railboundconstructionandmaintenancemachines-Part3:Generalsafetyrequirements;GermanversionEN14033-3:2009+A1:2011
【原文标准名称】:铁路应用.轨道.轨道施工及维修设备.第3部分:一般安全要求.德文版EN14033-3-2009+A1-2011
【标准号】:EN14033-3-2011
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2012-01
【实施或试行日期】:2012-01-01
【发布单位】:欧洲标准学会(EN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Access;Accessibility;Approvalrequirements;Buildingmachines;Commissioning;Constructionmeasures;Definitions;Ergonomics;Hazards;Installations;Machines;Maintenance;Occupationalsafety;Permanentways;Protectiondevices;Protectivemeasures;Railwayapplications;Railwaytrackworks;Railwayvehicles;Railways;Safety;Safetyengineering;Safetymeasures;Safetyofmachinery;Safetyrequirements;Specification(approval);Terotechnology;Transportequipment;Workingplaces;Workplacesafety
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:S19
【国际标准分类号】:93_100
【页数】:52P;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforApparentViscosityofEngineOilsBetween-5and-35176;CUsingtheCold-CrankingSimulator
【原文标准名称】:使用冷启动模拟器测定机油在-5℃、-35℃和176℃时的表观粘度的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD5293-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D02.07
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:apparentviscosity;coldcranking;cranking;engineoils;petroleumandpetroleumproducts;viscosity;Automotiveenginefuels/oils;Cold-crankingsimulator(CCS);Low-temperaturetesting--petroleumproducts/applications;Lubricatingoils;Petroleumprodu
【摘要】:TheCCSapparentviscosityofautomotiveengineoilscorrelateswithlowtemperatureenginecranking.CCSapparentviscosityisnotsuitableforpredictinglowtemperatureflowtotheengineoilpumpandoildistributionsystem.EnginecrankingdataweremeasuredbytheCoordinatingResearchCouncil(CRC)L-49testwithreferenceoilsthathadviscositiesbetween600and8400mPax00B7;s(cP)atx2013;17.8x00B0;Candbetween2000and20000mPax00B7;s(cP)atx2013;28.9x00B0;C.ThedetailedrelationshipbetweenthisenginecrankingdataandCCSapparentviscositiesisinAppendixesX1andX2ofthe1967TeditionofTestMethodandCRCReport409.BecausetheCRCL-49testismuchlesspreciseandstandardizedthantheCCSprocedures,CCSapparentviscosityneednotaccuratelypredicttheenginecrankingbehaviorofanoilinaspecificengine.However,thecorrelationofCCSapparentviscositywithaverageCRCL-49enginecrankingresultsissatisfactory.ThecorrelationbetweenCCSandapparentviscosityandenginecrankingwasconfirmedattemperaturesbetweenx2013;1andx2013;40x00B0;Cbyworkon17commercialengineoils(SAEgrades5W,10W,15W,and20W).Bothsyntheticandmineraloilbasedproductswereevaluated.SeeASTMSTP621.AcorrelationwasestablishedinalowtemperatureengineperformancestudybetweenlightdutyenginestartabilityandCCSmeasuredapparentviscosity.Thisstudyusedten1990senginesattemperaturesrangingfromx2013;5downtox2013;40x00B0;Cwithsixcommercialengineoils(SAE0W,5W,10W,15W,20W,and25W).Themeasurementofthecrankingviscosityofbasestocksistypicallydonetodeterminetheirsuitabilityforuseinengineoilformulations.Asignificantnumberofthecalibrationoilsforthismethodarebasestocksthatcouldbeusedinengineoilformulations.1.1Thistestmethodcoversthelaboratorydeterminationofapparentviscosityofengineoilsandbasestocksbycoldcrankingsimulator(CCS)attemperaturesbetweenx2013;5andx2013;35x00B0;Catshearstressesofapproximately50000to100000Paandshearratesofapproximately105to104sx2013;1forviscositiesofapproximately900to25000mPax00B7;s.Therangeofaninstrumentisdependentontheinstrumentmodelandsoftwareversioninstalled.ApparentCrankingViscosityresultsbythismethodarerelatedtoengine-crankingcharacteristicsofengineoils.1.2Aspecialprocedureisprovidedformeasurementofhighlyviscoelasticoilsinmanualinstruments.SeeAppendixX2.1.3Proceduresareprovidedforbothmanualandautomateddeterminationoftheapparentviscosityofengineoilsusingthecold-crankingsimulator.1.4ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstandard.1.5Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.Specificwarnings......
【中国标准分类号】:E34
【国际标准分类号】:75_100
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语